FortiGuard Center Outbreak Alerts

An actively targeted vulnerability has been identified in SmarterTools SmarterMail, tracked as CVE-2025-52691, with a CVSS score of 10.0 (Critical). The flaw allows unauthenticated attackers to upload arbitrary files to any location on the mail server, potentially resulting in remote code execution (RCE).

React2Shell is a critical unauthenticated remote code execution (RCE) vulnerability affecting React Server Components (RSC) and frameworks that implement the Flight protocol, including specific vulnerable versions of Next.js. A remote attacker can craft a malicious RSC request that triggers server-side deserialization, leading to arbitrary code execution without authentication or user interaction.

This report provides an overview of ongoing Iran-linked cyber operations, highlighting activity attributed to state-aligned proxies and hacktivist groups. The vulnerabilities listed are suspected to be exploited by actors associated with Iran in real-world campaigns, consistent with observed tactics, techniques, and procedures (TTPs). Iran-linked operations continue to rely on distributed, lower-complexity techniques, including phishing, DDoS, data exfiltration, and destructive attacks. Initial access is primarily achieved through exploitation of known, unpatched vulnerabilities and exposed edge infrastructure, reflecting a persistent and opportunistic threat posture targeting government, critical infrastructure, and enterprise environments.

An active Interlock ransomware campaign is exploiting a critical vulnerability (CVE-2026-20131) in Cisco Secure Firewall Management Center (FMC), enabling unauthenticated remote code execution as root. The campaign combines edge-device exploitation, custom malware tooling, and double extortion tactics, indicating a mature and targeted ransomware operation.

In 2025, the FortiGuard Labs team processed and blocked 3.8 trillion vulnerability exploitation attempts, preventing 2.71 billion malware deliveries, and blocking 257 million newly seen malware variants worldwide to protect its customers from cyber threats. Through the outbreak alert system, FortiGuard Labs escalated the significant threats to raise awareness and keep customers informed.

Multiple critical security vulnerabilities in the Versa Concerto network security and SD-WAN orchestration platform. When chained, these flaws could allow remote attackers to bypass authentication, escape Docker containers, and fully compromise both the application and the underlying host system.

A Local File Inclusion (LFI) vulnerability (CVE-2025-68645) exists in the Zimbra Collaboration Suite (ZCS) Webmail Classic UI due to improper handling of user-supplied request parameters in the RestFilter servlet. An unauthenticated remote attacker can craft malicious requests, potentially exposing sensitive configuration and application data and aiding further compromise.

Critical zero-day vulnerabilities affecting Cisco Secure Firewall Adaptive Security Appliance (ASA) and Cisco Secure Firewall Threat Defense (FTD) software have been actively exploited in the wild. The campaign is widespread and involves exploiting zero-day vulnerabilities to gain unauthenticated remote code execution on ASAs, as well as manipulating read-only memory (ROM) to persist through reboot and system upgrade. This activity presents a significant risk to victim networks.

A suspected Iran-linked espionage group tracked as UNC1549 is actively targeting aerospace, defense, and telecommunications organizations across Europe and other regions. The threat actor employs a combination of highly tailored spear-phishing, credential theft from third-party services, and the abuse of virtual desktop infrastructure such as Citrix, VMware, and Azure VDI to gain initial access and move laterally within target networks.

FortiGuard Labs continue to observe detections in the wild related to the Akira ransomware group. According to the new report by CISA it has targeted over 250 organizations since the past year, affecting numerous businesses and critical infrastructure entities across North America, Europe, and Australia. The gang has made over $42 million from the attacks as ransom payments.